Studies were carried out in integrated dryer southern Poland during 2002-2006 in Scots pine stands under the effect of an outbreak of pine shoot beetles.The qualitative aspects of beetle feeding in tree crowns, studied on the basis of fallen shoots collected on experimental plots, are presented in this paper.The beetle numbers affected the age dist
This paper reflects on learnings and analysis from an extensively globally applied, standardized community disaster resilience measurement framework that utilises bottom-up (locally collected) data.These lessons, from over a decade of on-the-ground work and analysis, are based on empirical evidence and have salience for scholars, policy-makers and
We explore whether foreign direct investment outflows augment or obstruct public or private capital in developing countries by decomposing domestic capital MSM into private and public capital.While developed countries are the primary source of foreign direct investment outflows (FDIOs), developing economies have become the primary source of FDIO ov
Multimodal biometrics is the technique of using multiple modalities on a single system.This allows us to overcome the limitations of unimodal systems, such as the inability to acquire data from certain individuals or intentional fraud, while improving recognition performance.In this paper, a study Horse Leads of score normalization and its impact o